Human studies on tumour-suppressive effects of dietary fibre supplementation
| Study type (size) | Cancer | Dietary fibrereference | Main findings | Fibre dose and duration of supplementation |
| Phase II clinical trial (n=10) | Relapsing prostate cancer | Modified citrus pectin70 | ↑ prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time | 14.4 g per day for 12 months |
| Phase II clinical trial (n=59) | Non-metastatic relapsing prostate cancer | Modified citrus pectin71 | ↑ PSA doubling time | 14.4 g per day for 6 months |
| Randomised controlled trial (n=17) | Prostate cancer | Rye whole grain and bran versus refined wheat grain with added cellulose (control)75 | ↓ PSA plasma concentration; ↓ low-grade inflammation and endothelial function markers including tumour nuclear factor receptor-2, e-selectin and endostatin in plasma | 485 g of rye and bran products or refined wheat products with added cellulose per day for 6 weeks |
| Randomised controlled crossover study (n=17) | Prostate cancer | Rye whole grain and bran versus refined wheat grain with added cellulose (control)76 | ↓ PSA plasma concentration; ↓ fasting plasma insulin and 24 hours urinary C-peptide excretion | 485 g of rye and bran products or refined wheat products with added cellulose per day for 6 weeks |